A pathway analysis of genome-wide association study highlights novel type 2 diabetes risk pathways.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used to identify common type 2 diabetes (T2D) variants. However, the known variants just explain less than 20% of the overall estimated genetic contribution to T2D. Pathway-based methods have been applied into T2D GWAS datasets to investigate the biological mechanisms and reported some novel T2D risk pathways. However, few pathways were shared in these studies. Here, we performed a pathway analysis using the summary results from a large-scale meta-analysis of T2D GWAS to investigate more genetic signals in T2D. Here, we selected PLNK and VEGAS to perform the gene-based test and WebGestalt to perform the pathway-based test. We identified 8 shared KEGG pathways after correction for multiple tests in both methods. We confirm previous findings, and highlight some new T2D risk pathways. We believe that our results may be helpful to study the genetic mechanisms of T2D

Switchable polarization manipulation, optical logical gates and conveyor belt based on U-shaped \ce{VO2} nanoholes

Based on U-shaped plasmonic nanoholes in an \ce{Au-VO2-Au} film, we propose to achieve several switchable functions at the telecom wavelength by transition from the \ce{VO2} semiconductive state to the metallic state. The first is the polarization manipulation of four different polarization states ($x\&y$-polarization, LCP, and RCP). An array of U-shaped holes constitutes of the high efficiency SPP splitter, and thus the spin-encoded optical logical gates can be achieved. Furthurmore, we prove that a nano-optical conveyor belt can be build up with such U-shaped holes, making the transport of nanoparticles over the film efficiency by transforming between two spin states periodically, and the transport direction switchably along with the \ce{VO2} phase

(3R,3aS,6R,6aR)-3-(1-Nitro­eth­yl)perhydro­furo[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diol

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C8H13NO6, a sucrose derivative, consists of two fused tetra­hydro­furan rings having the cis arrangement at the ring junctions, giving a V-shaped mol­ecule. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O inter­action occurs. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the crystal structure